Experimental Study of Associative Processes 141 
did it before, namely, becausg/Pleasure has connected that ..’ 
act above all others with that Sense-impression, so that it.’ 
is the one she feels like doing) Her condition is that of the 
swimmer who starts his summer season after a winter’s 
deprivation. When he jumps off the pier and hits the water, 
he swims, not because he remembers that this is the way he 
dealt with water last summer and so applies his remembrance 
to present use, but just because experience has taught him 
to feel like swimming when he hits the water, | All talk 
about recognition and memory in animals, if it asserts the 
presence of anything more than this, is a gross mistake. 
For real memory is an absolute thing, including everything 
but forgetfulness. Tf the cat had real memory, it would, 
when after an interval dropped into a box, remember that 
from this box it escaped by doing this or that and conse- 
quently, either immediately or after a time of recollection, 
go do it, or else it would not remember and would fail 
utterly to do it. On the contrary, we have all grades of 
partial ‘forgetfulness,’ just like the grades of swimming one 
might find if he dropped a dozen college professors into the 
mill ponds of their boyhood, just like the grades of forget- 
fulness of the associations once acquired on the ball field 
which are manifested when on the Fourth of July the 
‘solid men’ of a town get out to amuse their fellow citizens. 
The animal makes attacks on a spot around the vital one, 
or claws at the thing — but not so precisely as before, or 
goes at it a while and then resorts to instinctive methods 
of getting out. Its actions are exactly what would be 
expected of an animal in whom the sense-impression aroused 
the impulse imperfectly, or weakly, or intermittently, but 
are not at all like the actions of one who felt, “I used to 
get out of this box by pulling that loop down.” In fact, 
the record of No. 10 given on page 139 seems to be final on 
