Animal Intelligence 
4e conception of mental development have been sug- 
ced somewhat fragmentarily and in various connections, 
sat has not been done because I think them unimportant. 
On the contrary, I think them of the utmost importance. I 
believe that our best service has been to show that animal 
Parle ons is made up of a lot of specific connections, whose 
a ends directly, and to homolozize it with the intellection 
‘involved in such human associations as regulate the conduct 
of a man playing tennis. \@he fundamental phenomenon 
which I find presented in animal consciousness is one which 
‘can harden into inherited connections and reflexes, on the 
one hand, and thus connect naturally with a host of the 
phenomena of animal life) on the other hand, it emphasizes. 
‘the fact that our mental life has grown up as a mediation be- 
tween stimulus and reaction.}\ The old view of human con- 
sciousness is that it is built ip out of elementary sensations, 
that very minute bits of consciousness come first and grad- 
ually get built up into the complex web. It looks for the 
beginnings of consciousness to Jitile feelings. This our view 
abolishes and declares that the progress is not from little and 
isimple to big and complicated, but from direct connections to 
indirect connections in whicha stock of isolated elements plays 
‘a part, is from ‘pure experience’ or undifferentiated feelings, 
:to discrimination, on the one hand, to generalizations, ab- 
stractions, on the other, \ If, as seems probable, the primates 
‘display a vast increase of associations, and a stock of free- 
swimming ideas, our view gives to the line of descent a mean- 
ing which it never could have so long as the question was 
the vague one of more or less ‘ intelligence.’ ; It will, I hope, 
when supported by an investigation of {Ke mental life of 
the primates and of the period in child life when these di- 
rectly practical associations become overgrown by a rapid 
