The Instinctive Reactions of Young Chicks 165 
One witnesses a similar gradual growth of the fear of man 
(not as such probably, but merely as a large moving object). 
\For four or five days you can jump at the chick, grab at it 
with your hands, etc., without disturbing it in the least. A 
chick twenty days old, however, although he has never been 
touched or approached by a man, and in some cases never 
seen one except as the daily bringer of food, and has never 
been in any way injured by any large moving object of any 
sort, will run from you if you try to catch him or even get 
very near him. There i is, however, even then, nothing like 
the utter fear described by Spalding. 
Up to thirty days there was no fear of a mocking bird into 
whose cage the chicks were put, no fear of a stuffed hawk or a 
stuffed owl (kept stationary). Chicks try to escape from 
water (even though warmed to the temperature of their 
bodies) from the very first. Up to forty days there appears 
no marked waning of the instinct. They did not show any 
emotional reaction to the flame produced by six candles 
stuck closely together. From the start they react instinc- 
tively to confinement, to loneliness, to bodily restraint, but 
their feeling in these cases would better be called discomfort 
than fear. From the roth or 12th to the zoth day, and 
probably later and very possibly earlier, one notices in 
chicks a general avoidance of open places. Turn them out 
in your study and they will not go out into the middle of the 
room, but will cling to the edges, go under chairs, around 
table legs and along the walls. One sees nothing of the sort 
up through the fourth day. Some experiments with feed- 
ing hive bees to the chicks are interesting in connection with 
the following statement by Lloyd Morgan: ‘One of my 
chicks, three or four days old, snapped up a hive bee and 
ran off with it. Then he dropped it, shook his head much 
and often, and wiped his bill repeatedly. I do not think 
