The Mental Life of the Monkeys 209 
mental faculties in general, add the capacity for focalized 
vision, they would do as well as the monkeys. 
EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF TUITION 
a The general aim of these experiments was to ascertain 
whether the monkeys’ actions were at all determined by the 
presence of free ideas and if so, to what extent. ‘The ques- 
tion is, ‘‘ Are the associations which experience leads them to 
form, associations between (1) the idea of an object and (2) 
the idea of an act or result and (3) the impulses and act itself, 
or are they merely associations between the sense-impres- 
sion of the object and the impulse and act ?””); Can a mon- 
key learn and does he commonly learn to do things, not by 
the mere selection of the act from amongst the acts done by 
him, but by getting some idea and then himself providing 
the act because it is associated in his mind with that idea. 
Ifa monkey feels an impulse to get into a box, sees his arm 
push a bar and sees a door fall open immediately thereafter 
and goes into the box enough times, he has every chance to 
form the association between the impulse to get into the 
box and the idea ‘arm push bar,’ provided he can have such 
an idea. | If his general behavior is due to having ideas 
connected with and so causing his acts, he has had chance 
enough to form the association between the idea ‘push at’ 
and the act of pushing. | Tf then a monkey forms an asso- 
ciation leading to an act by being put through the act, we 
may expect that he has free ideas.|\_And if he has free ideas 
in general in connection with his actions, we may expect him 
to so form associations.) } So also if a monkey shows a gen- 
eral capability to learn from seeing another monkey or a 
human being do a thing. A few isolated cases of imitation, 
however, might witness not to any general mental quality, 
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