The Mental Life of the Monkeys 235 
their cages or down to the floor of the room, where they evi- 
dently enjoyed being held by me, they still did not climb 
upon me. The idea of clinging to me was either absent or 
impotent to cause them to act. What they did do was, in 
the case of No. 1, to jump about, pawing around in the 
air, until I caught an arm or leg, to which stimulus he had 
by dint of the typical sort of animal association learned to 
react by jumping to my arm and clinging there; in the case 
of No. 3, to stand still until I held my arm right in front of 
him (if he were in his cage) or to come and stand on his 
hind legs in front of me (if he were out on the floor). In 
both cases No. 3’s act was one which had been learned by 
my rewarding his impulses. I often tried, at this period of 
their intimacy with me, this instructive experiment. The 
monkey would be clinging to me so that I could hardly 
tear him away. I would do so, and he would, if dropped 
loose from me, make no efforts to get back. 
'T have already mentioned my failure to get the animals to 
put out their right hands through the netting after they had 
long done so with their left hands. | With No. 3 I tried put- 
ting my fingers through and poking the arm out and then 
making the movement with it. He profited little if any by 
this tuition. Had I somehow induced him to do it himself, 
‘a few trials would have been sufficient to get the habit well 
under way. 
Monkey No. 1 apparently enjoyed scratching himself. 
Among the stimuli which served to set off this act of scratch- 
ing was the irritation from tobacco smoke. If any one 
would blow smoke in No. 1’s face, he would blink his eyes 
and scratch himself, principally in the back. After a time 
he got in the habit of coming to the front of his cage when 
any one was smoking and making such movements and 
sounds as in his experience had attracted attention and 
