262 Animal Intelligence 
to consequences of the laws of habit may seem fanatical. 
Here, it will be said, are the crucial cases where the idea of 
an act, if freed from all effects of opposing ideas, does in- 
evitably produce the act so far as it is a possibility for the 
animal’s action-system. 
\That is precisely what I cannot find proof of. 
Efficient suggestions to hypnotized subjects, on the con- 
trary, are often ambiguous in the sense that they seem as 
likely to arouse a situation to which the act has been bound 
by the law of habij as to arouse an idea of the act. Often 
they are far better suited to the former purpose. Direct 
commands — Walk, Dance, Get up, Sit down — obviously 
will operate by the law of habit provided the situations 
connected with disobedience are excluded. This is also 
the case with such indirect suggestions as ‘This is a knife 
(stick).’ ‘This is your sword (broom).’ ‘Have a cigar 
(a pen).’ 
The release of a suggestion from inhibitions may as well 
be the release from ideas connected as antecedents with not 
performing the act as the release from ideas of not perform- 
ing it. It is a question of fact whether, to get an act done 
by the subject, one must arouse in him an idea to which or 
to a part of which or to something like which the act has been 
bound by use or effect, or may arouse simply an idea of the 
act. 
Finally, if an idea has a tendency to connect with a cer- 
tain response, over and above the bonds due to exerci 2 and 
effect, it should always manifest that tendency. If the 
connection is not made, it must be due to the action of soe 
contrary force. It is less my duty to show that the laws ot 
habit can account for hypnotic suggestibility, obsessions, 
and the like, than it is my opponents’ duty to explain why a 
man can spend a half day in hospitably welcoming a hundred 
