Laws and Hypotheses for Behavior 265 
standing how each element of a situation comes to be felt 
whereas before only the gross total was felt. The change in 
consciousness from the ‘big, blooming, buzzing confusion’ 
to an aggregate of well-defined percepts and images, which 
accompanies the change in behavior from response to totals 
to response to parts or elements, may be mysterious. With 
the change in consciousness, however, we are not now con- 
cerned. The behavior of man and other animals toward the 
abstract elements of color, size, number, form, time or value 
is explained by the laws of instinct, exercise and effect. _ 
| When the perception or thought of a fact arouses the 
thought of some other fact identical in part with the for- 
mer fact, we have so-called association by similarity.) An 
element of the neurone-action is prepotent in determining 
the succeeding neurone-action. The particular way in 
which it determines it is by itself continuing and making 
connection with other associates. These it possesses by 
virtue of the law of exercise and effect. 
The changes in behavior classified under intellect and 
morality seem then to be all explainable by the two laws 
of exercise and effect. The facts of imitation really refer 
to certain specific original connections or to the efficiency 
of a model in determining what shall satisfy or to the pro- 
vision of certain instructive situations in the form of the 
behavior of other animals. The facts variously referred to 
as suggestion, ideo-motor action or the motor power of ideas, 
really refer to the fact, common in the human animal only, 
that to those ideas that represent acts in thought the acts 
are often bound as responses. The bonds are due to the 
primary laws of effect and exercise. The facts of reason- 
wing really refer to the fact of prepotency of one or another 
“objlement in a situation in determining the response. 
