288 Animal Intelligence 
‘The next important fact is that the intellect of the infant 
six months to a year old is of the animal sort, that ideational 
and reasoning life are not present in his case,! that the only 
obvious intellectual difference between him and a monkey is 
in the quantity and quality of the associations formed. 
In the evolution of the infant’s mind to its adult condition 
we have the actual transition within an individual from the 
animal to the human type of intellect. If we look at the 
infant and ask what is in him to make in the future a thinker 
and reasoner, we must answer either by invoking some myste- 
rious capacity, the presence of which we cannot demonstrate, 
or by taking the difference*we actually do find. That is 
the difference in the quality and quantity of associations of 
the animal sort. Even if we could never see how it came to 
cause the future intellectual life, it would seem wiser to believe 
that it did than to resort to faith in mysteries. Surely there 
is enough evidence to make it worth while to ask our second 
question, '“‘How might this difference cause the life of ideas 
and reasoning ?” 
To answer this question fully would involve a most in- 
tricate- treatment of the whole intellectual life of man, a 
treatment which cannot be attempted without reliance on 
technical terms and psychological formulas. A fairly 
comprehensible account of the general features of such an 
answer can, however, be given. \The essential thing about 
the thinking of the animals is that they feel things in gross] 
The kitten who learned to respond differently to the signals, 
“T must feed those cats” and “I will not feed them,” felt 
each signal as a vague total, including the tone, the move- 
ments of my head, etc. It did not have an idea of the sound 
of J, another of the sound of must, another of the sound 
feed, etc. It did not turn the complex impression into a set 
of elements, but felt it, as I have said, in gross. The dog 
