290 Animal Intelligence 
binations, tends to thereby acquire an independent life 
of its own. | We show children six lines, six dots, six peas, 
six pieces of paper, etc., and thus create the definite feeling 
of sixness, | Out of the gross feelings of a certain number of 
lines, of dots, etc., we evolve the definite elementary feeling 
of sixness by making the ‘six’ aspect of the situations 
appear in a number of different connections. We learn to 
feel whiteness as a definite idea by seeing white paper, white 
cloth, white eggs, white plates, etc.}/ We learn to feel 
‘the meaning of but or in or notwithstanding by feeling the 
meanings of many total phrases containing each of them. } 
Now in this general law by which different associates for the 
same elementary process elevate it out of its position as 
an undifferentiated fragment of a gross total feeling, we 
have, I think, the manner in which the vague feelings of 
the nine-months-old infant become the definite ideas of 
the five-year-old boy, the manner in which in the race 
the animal mind has evolved into the human, and the ex- 
planation of the service performed by the increase in the 
delicacy of structure of the human brain and the conse- 
quent increase in the number of associations. 
The bottle to the six-months-old infant is a vague sense- 
impression which the infant does not think about or indeed 
in the common meanings of the words perceive or remem- 
ber or imagine. Its presence does not arouse ideas, but 
action. It is not to him a thing so big, or so shaped, or 
so heavy, but is just a vaguely sizable thing to be reached 
for, grabbed and sucked. \Like the lower animals, with the 
exception that as he grows a little older he reacts in very 
many more ways, the child feels things in gross in a way 
to lead to direct reactions. Vague sense-impressions and 
impulses make up his mental life. The bottle, which to a 
dog would be a thing to smell at and paw, to a kittén a 
