The cephalic arm is attached to the maxil- 

 lary just caudad of the middle of its extent 

 The caudal arm throughout its extent is 

 attached to the ventral surface of the squa- 

 mosal. 

 (13). The squamosals are T-shaped bones visible on 

 the dorsum of the skull. They form the 

 articulation between the cranium and the 

 lower jaw. Of the three arms of the T, the 

 cephalic has a free pointed extremity, the 

 upper caudal arm articulates with the prootic, 

 the lower caudal arm (longest) extends down- 

 ward and backward to unite with the caudal 

 extremity of the quadrato-jugal. 



(14). The mentomeckelians are two small bones at the 

 extreme cephalic portion of the lower jaw. 

 They unite the two halves. 

 (is). The angulo-splenial is a strong bone forming the 

 inner and ventral part of each half of the 

 lower jaw. It articulates cephalad with 

 the mentoineckelian; caudad with the 

 squamosal and quadrato-jugal. 

 (16). The dentary is a thin plate of bone articulating 

 with the mentomeckelian in front and joined 

 to the outer surface of the cephalic half of the 

 angulo-splenial. 

 (c). Make a drawing of the dorsum and venter of the skull, 



and label all the bones. Represent sutures by heavy 



lines. 



II. Identification of species. Caution. Jars containing eggs must 

 be handled carefully. Please refrain from touching pre- 

 pared skulls with pencils or instruments. Dried skulls of 

 salamanders and lizards are very fragile, and, therefore, easily 

 destroyed. Do not handle salamanders and lizards by the 

 tail. Place them in the jars, tail first. 

 (i). Make a drawing of the left side. 

 (2). Make a drawing of the left side. 

 ( ) ). Make a drawing of the left side. 



,',>). Eggs of No. 3 . Note the membranous projections from 

 opposite sides of the eggs. In nature, the eggs are 



14 



