170 THE MALAVAN PAPILIONIDE AS 
lost the tail in the male, while the female retains it, but 
in a narrower and less spatulate form. A little further, 
in Gilolo, P. Nicanor has completely lost the tail in 
both sexes. 
Papilio Agamemnon exhibits a somewhat similar 
series of changes. In India it is always tailed; in 
the greater part of the archipelago it has a very short 
tail; while far east, in New Guinea and the adjacent 
islands, the tail has almost entirely disappeared. 
In the Polydorus-group two species, P. Antiphus 
and P. Diphilus, inhabiting India and the Indian 
region, are tailed, while the two which take their 
place in the Moluccas, New Guinea, and Australia, 
P. Polydorus and P. Leodamas, are destitute of tail, 
the species furthest east having lost this ornament 
the most completely. 
Western species, Tailed. Allied Eastern species not Tailed. 
Papilio Pammon (India) ... P.Thesus (Islands) minute tail. 
P. Agamemnon, var. (India) P. Agamemnon, var. (Islands). 
P. Antiphus (India, Java) .... P. Polydorus (Moluccas). 
P. Diphilus (India, Java) ... P. Leodamas (New Guinea). 
The most conspicuous instance of local modification 
of form, however, is exhibited in the island of Celebes, 
which in this respect, as in some others, stands alone 
and isolated in the whole archipelago. Almost every 
species of Papilio inhabiting Celebes has the wings 
of a peculiar shape, which distinguishes them at a 
glance from the allied species of every other island. 
This peculiarity consists, first, in the upper wings 
being generally more elongate and falcate; and se- 
