186 THE MALAYAN PAPILIONIDE AS 
Arrangement and Geographical Distribution of the 
Malayan Papilionide. 
Arrangement.—Although the species of Papilionide 
inhabiting the Malayan region are very numerous, 
they all belong to three out of the nine genera into 
which the family is divided. One of the remaining 
genera (Hurycus) is restricted to Australia, and another 
(Teinopalpus) to the Himalayan Mountains, while no 
less than four (Parnassius, Doritis, Thais, and Seri- 
cinus) are confined to Southern Europe and to the 
mountain-ranges of the Palearctic region. 
The genera Ornithoptera and Leptocircus are highly 
- characteristic of Malayan entomology, but are uniform 
in character and of small extent. The genus Papilio, 
on the other hand, presents a great variety of forms, 
and is so richly represented in the Malay Islands, that 
more than one-fourth of all the known species are 
found there. It becomes necessary, therefore, to divide 
this genus into natural groups before we can success- 
fully study its geographical distribution. 
Owing principally to Dr. Horsfield’s observations 
in Java, we are acquainted with a considerable number 
of the larvee of Papilios ; and these furnish good char- 
acters for the primary division of the genus into na- 
tural groups. The manner in which the hinder wings 
are plaited or folded back at the abdominal margin, the 
size of the anal valves, the structure of the antenna, 
and the form of the wings are also of much service, 
as well as the character of the flight and the style of ' 
