194 THE MALAYAN PAPILIONIDE AS 
but little weight on a point of such magnitude if 
standing alone; but coming as it does to confirm 
deductions drawn from whole classes of the higher 
animals, it must be admitted to have considerable 
value. 
We may determine in a. similar manner the relations 
of the different Papuan Islands to New Guinea. Of 
thirteen species of Papilionide obtained in the Aru 
Islands, six were also found in New Guinea, and 
seven not. Of nine species obtained at Waigiou, six 
were New Guinea, and three not. The five species 
found at Mysol were all New Guinea species. Mysol, 
therefore, has closer relations to New Guinea than 
the other islands; and this is corroborated by the 
distribution of the birds, of which I will only now 
give one instance. The Paradise Bird found in Mysol 
is the common New Guinea species, while the Aru 
Islands and Waigiou have each a species peculiar to 
themselves. 
The large island of Borneo, which contains more 
species of Papilionide than any other in the archi- 
pelago, has nevertheless only three peculiar to itself; 
and it is quite possible, and even probable, that one 
of these may be found in Sumatra or Java. The last- 
named island has also three species peculiar to it; 
‘Sumatra has not one, and the peninsula of Malacca 
only two. The identity of species is even greater 
than in birds or in most other groups of insects, and 
points very strongly to a recent connexion of the 
whole with each other and the continent. 
