4 THEORY OF BIRDS’ NESTS. 243 
18. Gapers (Eurylemide). In these beautiful East- 
ern birds, somewhat allied to the American chatterers, 
the sexes are exactly alike, and are adorned with the 
most gay and conspicuous markings. The nest is a 
woven structure, covered over, and suspended from the 
extremities of branches over water. 
14, Pardalotus (Ampelide). In these Australian 
birds the females differ from the males, but are 
often very conspicuous, having brightly-spotted heads. 
Their nests are sometimes dome-shaped, sometimes 
in holes of trees, or in burrows in the ground. 
15. Tits (Paride). These little birds are always 
pretty, and many (especially among the Indian species) 
are very conspicuous. They always have the sexes 
alike, a circumstance very unusual among the smaller 
gaily-coloured birds of our own country. The nest is 
always covered over or concealed in a hole. 
16. Nuthatches (Sitta). Often very pretty birds, the 
sexes alike, and the nest in a hole. 
Li (Sittella). The female of these Australian 
nuthatches is often the most conspicuous, being white- 
and black-marked. The nest is, according to Gould, 
“‘ completely concealed among upright twigs connected 
together.” 
18. Creepers (Climacteris). In these Australian 
creepers the sexes are alike, or the female most con- 
spicuous, and the nest is in a hole of a tree. 
19. Estrelda, Amadina. In these genera of Eastern 
and Australian finches the females, although more or less 
different from the males, are still very conspicuous 
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