SELECTION ON MAN. 323 
affect the mental organization of man. His brain 
“ alone would have increased in size and complexity, and 
his cranium have undergone corresponding changes of 
form, while the whole structure of lower animals was 
being changed. This will enable us to understand how 
the fossil crania of Denise and Engis agree so closely 
with existing forms, although they undoubtedly existed 
in company with large mammalia now extinct. The 
Neanderthal skull may be a specimen of one of the 
lowest races then existing, just as the Australians are 
the lowest of our modern epoch. We have no reason 
to suppose that mind and brain and skull modification, 
could go on quicker than that of the other parts of the 
organization; and we must therefore look back very far 
in the past, to find man in that early condition in which 
his mind was not sufficiently developed, to remove his 
body from the modifying influence of external condi- 
tions and the cumulative action of “ natural selection.” 
I believe, therefore, that there is no & priori reason 
against our finding the remains of man or his works 
in the tertiary deposits. The absence of all such 
remains in the European beds of this age has little 
weight, because, as we go further back in time, it is 
natural to suppose that man’s distribution over the 
surface of the earth was less universal than at present. 
Besides, Europe was in a great measure submerged 
during the tertiary epoch; and though its scattered 
islands may have been uninhabited by man, it by no 
means follows that he did not at the same time exist in 
warm or tropical continents. If geologists can point 
Y 2 
