336 THE LIMITS OF NATURAL SELECTION 
kind, and their intellectual inferiority. The collections 
of Dr. J. B. Davis and Dr. Morton give the following 
as the average internal capacity of the cranium in the 
chief races :—Teutonic family, 94 cubic inches; Esqui- 
maux, 91 cubic inches; Negroes, 85 cubic inches; 
Australians and Tasmanians, 82 cubic inches; Bush- 
men, 77 cubic inches. These last numbers, however, 
are deduced from comparatively few specimens, and 
may be below the average, just asa small number of 
Finns and Cossacks give 98 cubic inches, or con- 
siderably more than that of the German races. It is 
evident, therefore, that the absolute bulk of the brain 
is not necessarily much less in savage than in civilised 
man, for Esquimaux skulls are known with a capacity 
of 113 inches, or hardly less than the largest among 
Europeans. But what is still more extraordinary, the 
few remains yet known of pre-historic man do not 
indicate any material diminution in the size of the 
brain case. A Swiss skull of the stone age, found 
in the lake dwelling of Meilen, corresponded exactly’ 
to that of a Swiss youth of the present day. The 
celebrated Neanderthal skull had a larger circumfer- 
ence than the average, and its capacity, indicating 
actual mass of brain, is estimated to have been not less 
than 75 cubic inches, or nearly the average of exist- 
ing Australian crania. The Engis skull, perhaps the 
oldest known, and which, according to Sir John 
Lubbock, “there seems no doubt was really contem- 
porary with the mammoth and the cave bear,” is yet, 
according to Professor Huxley, “‘a fair average skull, 
