AS APPLIED TO MAN. 337 
which might have belonged to a philosopher, or might 
have contained the thoughtless brains of a savage.” 
Of the cave men of Les Eyzies, who were undoubtedly 
contemporary with the reindeer in the South of France, 
Professor Paul Broca says (in a paper read before 
the Congress of Pre-historic Archeology in 1868)— 
“The great capacity of the brain, the development of 
the frontal region, the fine elliptical form of the anterior 
part of the profile of the skull, are incontestible char- 
acteristics of superiority, such as we are accustomed to 
meet with in civilised races ;” yet the great breadth of 
the face, the enormous development of the ascending 
ramus of the lower jaw, the extent and roughness of 
the surfaces for the attachment of the muscles, espe- 
cially of the masticators, and the extraordinary de- 
velopment of the ridge of the femur, indicate enormous 
muscular power, and the habits of a savage and 
brutal race. 
These facts might almost make us doubt whether 
the size of the brain is in any direct way an index of 
mental power, had we not the most conclusive evidence 
that it is so, in the fact that, whenever an adult male 
European has a skull less than nineteen inches in cir- 
cumference, or has less than sixty-five cubic inches of 
brain, he is invariably idiotic. When we join with this 
the equally undisputed fact, that great men—those who 
combine acute perception with great reflective power, 
strong passions, and general energy of character, such 
as Napoleon, Cuvier, and O’Connell, have always heads 
far above the average size, we must feel satisfied that 
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