ATTITUDES EXPRESSING EMOTION = 5 
the only indication to the outside world of the tragedy 
that has been enacted. The pike then turns the dace 
round with a jerky movement of his jaws and swallows 
him head first. 
Occasionally when a pike is advancing on a fish 
he sees something about it which he does not like. 
Doubt entering his mind, his muscles relax, his back 
becomes arched, and he hangs motionless in the water 
watching the object of his suspicions. If reassured, he 
will again become rigid and advance to the final attack, 
but if his suspicions are not allayed, he swims off as 
if nothing had happened. In the illustration, “In 
Doubt,” it was the size of the meal that made the pike 
dubious and saved the little fish. 
Not infrequently the final rush ends in failure, and 
the prey escapes. Then a complete change comes 
over the rigid pike, and with arched back and angrily 
snapping jaws, he sinks to the bottom a disgusted and 
disappointed fish. 
When a fish is alarmed he assumes a defensive 
attitude and becomes pale, or actually changes his 
colour. 
In the three illustrations of a perch showing alarm, 
the top photograph shows the fish resting on the ground, 
with her body supported on the tail and pelvic fins, 
while all the other fins are seen to be lying flat. The 
glass of the tank in which this fish was photographed 
was now tapped, and the perch being startled, up went 
the second fin on her back. A further tapping, and the 
