388 ICE-BOUND ON KOLGUEV 
You and your, puddrr (with a point of the finger at the person 
indicated). 
He and his, puddrr (without the point). 
It. will thus be seen that just as the Samoyeds use no ordinal numbers, 
so they use no possessive pronouns (properly so called). Instead of 
this, the personal pronoun, when used as the possessive, has the function 
in some, if not in all, cases of changing the word it agrees with. Thus, 
‘sleigh’ is am, but ‘my sleigh’ is mein hando ; ‘knife’ is har, but ‘my 
knife’ is mein hardo; ‘son’ is new, but ‘my son’ is mein neyddo. 
I am, aware that a list of Samoyed words is given in Rae’s Land of 
the North Wind. The reader can compare my list with his. I have 
deliberately forborne from looking at that list myself, because I did 
not want to confuse my recollections of sound. It is very possible that 
other writers have been more etymologically correct, but this I can 
promise my naturalist friend, that if he can pronounce the words as I 
think my spelling will enable him to do, then the Samoyeds will under- 
stand him; and this in a language where a shade of difference means 
sense or nonsense. Of course there are different dialects, but the words 
I learnt on Kolguev were always understood by the Samoyeds I met 
with west from the Petchora. 
SOME COMMON SAMOYED WORDS FOR FUTURE 
TRAVELLERS. 
ANIMALS. 
Walrus, di2dieh. Blue-bottle fly, dorndaftsa. 
Polar bear, Aevdii. Reindeer fly, pd/zih. 
Fox (red), ¢chudraia. Musquito, xéanink. 
Fox (blue), zoho. Seal, szh. 
Dog, wengudh. - Grey seal, 202-z7s. 
Foon. 
Soup, yah. Dough, godsah. 
Salt, sdx7. Goose-fat, yabtaw yoorr. 
Bread, rieska. Bread made with fat, am-du- 
Flour yah. dah. 
