THE GEOLOGY OF KOLGUEV 395 
conditions of the interior of the island—is a sufficient index to the 
growth of Kolguev as a whole. 
If the question should further be asked, ‘ How, and from where, then, 
has this dé/vis come?’ I think for answer one may safely say as much 
as this :—partly by some great river system, and partly by theice. The 
granite, sandstone and limestone (?) boulders found on Kolguev are 
almost certainly ice-borne erratics from the mainland tundra and 
Novaya Zemblya. Such a striking sandstone as that figured here, 
which, lying now between the snow-banks, shows round its side striations 
made by ice, may safely have come from the tundra, where no traveller 
can fail to be struck with the sand-rocks which take there similar 
eccentric shapes from the wearing of such forces long ago. But at least 
some fossils in my collection taken from boulders on Kolguev seem to 
point to a more distant source as kindly described for me by Mr. 
Ethridge. They belong to the Upper Silurian period. Two are corals. 
HHalysites catenularius and Cyathophyllum truncatum. One is a 
gasteropod, probably Waticopsis. 
Note.—I have ventured to incorporate with this part of a paper read before the 
Royal Geographical Society, an abstract of which appeared in Zhe Geographical 
Journal for February 1895. 
