442 ICE-BOUND ON KOLGUEV 
Ursus maritimus Desm. Polar Bear. 
Oskoog (R.). Heév-diii (S.). 
A chance polar bear or two appear each winter on the island. In the 
winter of 1893-94 Uano killed a female and two cubs far inland in the 
Pesanka hills. The dogs bay the bear and the men shoot it with flint- 
lock rifles. 
Canis lupus L. Wolf. 
The wolf very rarely crosses to the island. But in the winter of 
1892-93 two came over the ice, as Uano told me, and had killed twenty- 
five of his reindeer before he shot them. 
C. vulpes L. Fox. 
Listtsa (R.). TLchu-or-nia (S.). 
The red fox is not very plentiful. During the summer it frequently 
lies out on the moss or in the willow bushes. It is a lighter-coloured, 
lankier animal than our own, and has a longer brush and flatter sides. 
It chiefly preys on the willow-grouse. 
C. lagopus L. Arctic Fox. 
Psi-itz (R.). No-ho (S.). 
This is far more abundant than the last species. These foxes live 
colonially, in warrens in the dry sand. They feed principally on 
remains of dead seals, fish, crustaceans and molluscs, which they find on 
the shore. I have reason to believe that they also take live fish from 
the lakes. 
Cervus tarandus L. 
Oleyn (R.). Tui (S.). 
I was never able to determine whether wild reindeer ever cross to 
Kolguev from the mainland. There seems no reason against their 
doing so; but the Samoyeds disagreed on the point. Some said they 
did, others maintained the contrary. 
Sy 
