PAGE 



vi CONTENTS 



Phylum Chobdata — continued. 



Class II. Pisces — continued. 



Sub-class II. Holocephali ... 188 



Sub-class III. Teleostomi . . 196 



1. Example of the Sub-class — Salmo fario ■ 198 



2. Distinctive Characters and Classification 217 

 Systematic Position of the Example 224 



3. General Organisation ... . 224 



Sub-class V. The Dipnoi . ... 246 



1. Example of the Class — Ceratodus (Neoceratodus) foderi . 246 



2. Distinctive Characters and Classification . . . 257 

 Appendix to Pisces — The Ostracodermi .... . 261 



Class III. Amphibia . . .... . . 264 



1. Example of the Class — Rana temporaria or Rana esculenta . 264 



2. Distinctive Characters and Classification 292 



Systematic Position of the Example 294 



3. General Organisation . 294 



Class IV. Keptilia . . 313 



1. Example of the Class — Lacerta . . . 314 



2. Distinctive Characters and Classification . 334 

 Systematic Position of the Example . ... 337 



3. General Organisation of Recent Reptilia . . , 338 



4. Extinct Groups of Reptiles . . . . . 371 



Class V. Aves . .... . . .378 



1. Example of the Class — Columba livia . , . 378 



2. Distinctive Characters and Classification 408 

 Systematic Position of the Example . . 417 



3. General Organisation .... . 417 



Sub-class I. Archjeornithes . . . . 418 



„ II. Neornithes 420 



