222 



ZOOLOGY 



and pelvic fins are unjointed, and have the form of strong spines. 

 The right and left bars of the fifth branchial arch are usually not 

 fused. 



This immense group includes the greater number of marine 

 fishes (Fig. 878), as well as many fresh-water forms : the Perch, 

 Stickleback, Sea-bream, Mullet, Mackerel, and Gurnard may be 

 specially mentioned. 



Sub-07'de7' d. — Pharyngognathi. 



Teleostei in which the right and left bars of the fifth branchial 

 arch are fused to form a single bone in the floor of the 



Fia. 879.— tabriclitliys pslttacula (Wrassu). d. f hard dorsal ; d. j: soft dorsal ; Iji. lips ; 

 pct.f. pectoral fin; ?j!'. /. pelvic fin; v. f. ventral fin. B, inferior pharyngeal bone of 

 Lahrichthys. (A, after Richardson ; B, after Owen.) 



mouth fFig. 879, B). The remaining"] characters are as in 

 Acanthopteri. 



Including the Wrasses (Fig. 879) and their^^allies. 



Suh-order e. — Pledognathi. 



Teleostei having no pneumatic duct. The exoskeleton, when 

 present, takes the form of bony plates or spines. The gill-opening 

 is very narrow. The mouth is very small, and the premaxilla and 

 maxilla are united. The pelvic fins are absent or represented by 

 spines. 



