396 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 





arises from the pubis, passes along the inner surface of the thigh, 

 and is continued into a long tendon which comes round to the 

 outer side of the knee, enclosed in a special sheath, and, continuing 

 down the leg, joins the superficial 

 flexors of the digits. 



Digestive Organs. — The mouth 

 (Fig. 1040) is bounded above and 

 below by the horny beaks, and there 

 is no trace of teeth. The tongue 

 (tng.) is large and pointed at the 

 tip. The pharynx leads into a 



dnl 



r-i/nt 



Pig. 1040.— Columba livia. Dissection from the right side. The body-wall, with the vertebral 

 columu, sternum, brain, &c., ai-e in sagittal section ; portions of the gullet and crop are cut 

 away and the cloaca is opened ; nearly the whole of the ileum is removed, and the duodenum 

 is displaced outward.s. a. ao. aoi-tic arch ; hd. 1, hd. 2, bile-ducts ; b.fabr. bursa Fabricii; 

 cbl. cerebellum ; cce. right caBcum ; cpdm. coprodeeum ; cr. cere ; crb. h. left cerebral hemi- 

 sphere ; cvp. crop ; cr. v. 1, first cervical vertebrae ; di.cee. diacoele ; dnt, dentary ; duo. 

 duodenum ; cus. ctji. aperture of Eustachian tubes ; giz. gizzard (dot1;ed behind the liver) ; 

 gl. glottis ; gal. gullet ; Urn. ileum ; i. orb. sp. inter-orbital septum ; M. right kidney ; 

 Ing. right lung ; Ir. liver (right lobe) ; na. bristle passed from nostril into mouth ; obi. sep. 

 oblique septum ; ol. g. oil-gland ; pcd. pericardium ; jmia'. premaxilla ; pn. pancreas ; pn. h. 

 pineal body ; pnd. IS, pancreatic ducts ; pr. cv. right pre-caval ; prdm. proctodaeum ; prvn. 

 proventriculus (dotted behind liver) ; pt. cv. post-caval ; pty. b. pituitary body ; pm. st, 

 apygostyle ; r, au. right auricle ; r. br. right bronchus ; ret. rectum ; r. vnt. right ventricle ; 

 p. cd. spinal cord ; spl. spleen (dotted behind liver) ; s. rhb. sinus rhomboidalis ; 8. scr. syn- 

 sacrum ; st. carina stemi ; si/r. syrinx ; th. v. 1, first, and th. v. 5, fifth thoi-acic vertebra ; 

 tng. tongue ; tr. trachea ; ts. right testis ; ur. aperture of left ureter j urdm. urodseum ; v. df. 

 aperture of left vas deferens. 



wide and distensible gxdlet {gul.) which soon dilates into an 

 immense reservoir or crop (crp.) situated at the base of the neck, 

 between the skin and the muscles, and immediately in front 

 of the sternum. In this cavity the food, consisting of grain, 

 iindergoes a process of maceration before being passed into the 



