HOFFMANN: FLORA OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY. 349 



fc'. The uppermost leaves chiefly entire, all tapering 

 gradually to the base; racemes smooth. 

 Panicle usually as broad as high; rays' 8 to 12. 



S. juncea. 

 Panicle usually longer than broad; rays 2 to 8. 



S. neglecta. 



i'. Basal leaves similar to the 30 to 100 (to 200) ordinarily 



almost uniform or gradually reduced cauline ones.; 



I. Leaves all entire, with prominent mid-rib but 



obscure veins; leaves when crushed yield an 



odor as of anise S. odora. 



v. Leaves all or nearly all toothed, the veins promi-' 



nent. 



Stems glabrous; plant of dry woods and copses 



in the southern part of the valley. .S. ulmifolia. 



Stems pubescent; common plant of damp thickets 



and borders of woods and fields S. rugosa. 



h'. Leaves more or less plainly 3-ribbed, 2 of the lower veins 

 becoming prominent and elongated, parallel with the 

 naidrib. 



m. The lower leaves elongated and many times 



exceeding the reduced upper ones; plant 



very common in dry open soil. . S. nemoralis. 



m'. Leaves thinner, essentially uniform from base 



to summit of the stem. 



n. Involucre 2 to 2.8 mm. long, making tiny 



heads, crowded in dense broad panicles. 



S. canadensis and var. Hargeri. 



n'. Involucre 3.2 to 6 mm. long. 



Stem closely and minutely pubescent through- 

 out; leaves short-hairy below. .S.altissima. 

 Stem glabrous up to the inflorescence, leaves 

 smooth below or slightly pubescent on the 



nerves iS. serotina. 



a'. Heads in flat-topped corymbs. 



Heads large, leaves thick and broad; plant noted in only one locahty in 



Shefiield .<S. rigida. 



Heads small, leaves long and narrow, plant common in moist soil, road- 

 sides, etc <S. graminifolia, var. Nuttallii. 



S. altissima L. — Moist roadside thickets and banks; frequent in 

 the valley. 



S. arguta Ait. — Dry woods, clearings and roadside thickets; com- 

 mon in the valley. 



S. bicolor L. — Dry ground; common. 



