48 



OnOANOOBAPIir. 



the Columbine have spurs. Sometimes there is orilj a 

 gentle swelling or blunt, outward projection (as in Adlu- 



mia), which is denoted by the 

 word saccate. Sometimes se- 

 pals or petals are eared or 

 crested; or they have, like the 

 Pink, a projection (corona) at 

 the point where the claw or 

 narrow part of the petal joins 

 with the spreading lobe or limb. 

 59. When there is no adhe- 

 sion or growing together of the calyx and corolla, the 

 former is plainly inserted below the points of insertion of 

 the corolla, stamens, and pistils. In such case (Fig. 109), 

 the calyx is said to be free or inferior ; or the calyx and 

 corolla are said to be hypogynous (Gr. hypo, under; 

 guna, pistil). The cohesion may be to the extent shown 

 in Fig. 110, where the petals and stamens are inserted on 

 the calyx-tube. The petals are then said to be perig- 

 ynous (Gr. peri, around), though the calyx is free. The 

 calyx-tube may be consolidated with the lower part of the 

 pistil or ovary, when it 

 is said to be adherent 

 or superior ; in this case 

 the parts appear to be 

 inserted upon the pistil 

 (ovary), and are therefore 

 said to be epigynous 

 (Gr. epi, upon ; Fig. 111), 

 so far up (half-way), the calyx is said to be half-superior. 



If the adhesion does not extend 



Figs. 109-111. Diagrammatic sections of flowers ; 109. Hypogynous ; 110. Perig- 

 ynous; 111. Epigynous. 



