THE FRUIT. 67 



sometimes more or less covered by an outgrowth called 

 the aril, as in the Nutmeg (where it is called 

 Mace), the Burning-bush, the Climbing Bitter- 

 Sweet, etc. 



85. The torus is the name given to the end 

 ,of the axis which supports the floral organs 

 (Fig. 109). It is generally somewhat enlarged 

 and rounded. It may be much elongated, as 

 in the Magnolia (Fig. 153) ; or very much broad- 

 ened, as in the Flowering Raspberry (Rubus). 

 In the Strawberry it is broadened and elon- 

 gated (Fig. 154). Exactly the reverse of this, 

 namely, deeply concave, is exemplified by the 

 Rose (Fig. 155). In the figures (Figs. 163, 

 ^^^ 164) the receptacle is hollowed out and almost 

 completely closed at the top. In some plants of the Pink 

 family an internode is developed between the calyx and 

 corolla, called the Stipe. The elongation may continue 

 between the carpels, as in the Geranium and in the Um- 

 beUifercB. In Nelumhium it is inversely conical with isolated 

 immersed carpels. A disk is a development of the recep- 

 tacle under or around the pistil. 



86. The Fruit. — The Fruit may consist simply of the 

 ripened ovary, with the enclosed seeds, as the Buttercup, 

 Bean, Wheat, etc., or it may 

 consist of the ovary and seeds 

 together with the adnate parts. 

 The Apple, for instance, con- 

 sists of the ovary with the adher- 

 ent calyx-tube (Fig. 156); the 164 iss 



Fig. 1B3. Elongated torus of Tulip-tree {Liriodendron Tulipi/era). Fig. 154. 

 Enlarged torus of Strawberry. Fig. 155. Depressed torus of Rose. 



