G8 



ORGANOGRAPHY. 



Strawberry consists very largely of the enlarged and juicy 

 torus. If the fruit is composed 

 of a single pistil, either simple or 

 compound, it is called a simple 

 fruit. Those are called aggre- 

 gate fruits which consist of a 

 mass of carpels all belonging to 

 one ISlower ; and multiple fruits 

 are formed by the union of pistils 

 of several flowers. 



87. Simple fruits are either dry, as the Bean-pod; or 

 fleshy, as the Plum. Some of the dry fruits spontaneously 

 open at maturity, and are called dehiscent (Lat. dehiseere, 

 to gape), as the Columbine, Larkspur, Shepherd's-Purse, 

 etc. Others do not open, and are called indehiscent, as 

 the winged fruit of the Maple, seeds of the Thistle, etc. 

 Dehiscent fruits are the Follicle, Legume, Capsule, Silique, 

 and Silicle. Indehiscent fruits are the Samara, Achenium, 

 Utricle, Caryopsis, and Nut. 



88. The follicle (Fig. 157) is formed of a simple pistil, 

 and dehiscent by the ventral suture, that 

 is, the line corresponding to the united 

 edges of the carpellary leaf (Peony). A 

 legume (Fig. 158) is like the above, 

 except that it opens not only at the ven- 

 tral, but also at the dorsal suture, or line 

 corresponding to the midrib of the carpel- 

 lary leaf (Pea-pod). A capsule is the de- 

 hiscent fruit of any compound pistil (Purs- 

 lane), A modification of this is called 



Fig. 156. Section of an Apple : s, seeds ; ca, calyx ; c, carpel ; aw^ wall of 

 ovary. Fig. 157. Follicle of Columbine. Vh^. 15S. Legume of the Pea. 



