DICOTYLEDONES. 207 



■wise of any utility. Among the latter are Chicory (or roots 

 of Oichorium Intybus of Europe), Garden Lettuce {Lactuaa 

 sativa, native of Asia), Salsify, or Oyster-plant (Trago- 

 pogon porrifolius of Europe), Safflower (or red flowers of 

 Carihamnus tinetoria, used as a dye), Arnica (flowers and 

 root of Arnica montana of Europe and Siberia), Flea- 

 powder or Persian insect-powder (the pulverized leaves 

 and flowers of Pyrethrum), Chamomile {Anthemis nobilis), 

 Tansy {Tanacetum vulgare), and Elecampane {Inula Hele- 

 nium). The Tasmanian Bedfordia salicina, attaining a 

 height of fifteen feet, possesses hard and beautifully grained 

 wood, prized in cabinet work. The Musk-tree {Olearia 

 argophylla), also of Tasmania, twenty feet high, one foot in 

 diameter, is used in turnery and the manufacture of agri- 

 cultural implements because of the hardness of its wood. 

 Other species of Olearia in New Zealand are equally 

 valuable. Among the many ornamental -plants the com- 

 monest are species of Centawea, Dahlia, Zinnia, Coreopsis, 

 Helianthus, Aster, Solidago, Eupatorium, Chrysanthemum, 

 etc. Among vile weeds may be noticed the Thistles 

 (Cirsium), Eagweeds (Ambrosia), Spanish Needles {Bi- 

 dens), etc. The Sage Brush {Artemisia) of the Rocky 

 Mountains consists of tall shrubs. 



17. Rubiacese. The -Madder family includes over 

 four thousand species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. They 

 have opposite, or whorled, stipulate entire leaves, regular 

 corolla, and epipetalous stamens (Fig. 322) ; the most 

 important members grow in the Tropics. There are 

 thirty or more species of Cinchona belonging to South 

 America. Several of them furnish Peruvian Bark, or 

 Jesuits' Bark, which contains two important alkaloids, 

 namely, Cinchonia and Quiuia; the sulphate of the 



