APPENDIX. 



327. For the study of Oeganogeaphy no extensive 

 outfit is required. It is desirable to collect an illustrative 

 specimen of each and every thing mentioned in the text, 

 both as an aid to a clear understanding of the object 

 in question and as a means of impressing and. fixing it 

 in mind. To do this a digging instrument, as a trowel, or 

 a very large knife, is needed to obtain roots for examina- 

 tion, and a strong knife is also necessary to get woody speci- 

 mens, flowers, fruits, etc. For carrying these a covered 

 box of strong pasteboard, or other material, will be neces- 

 sary ; or what is, of course, in every respect more advan- 

 tageous, a Botanical Collecting-box (such as shown in Fig. 

 352). This is made of tin, about 

 eighteen inches long and four to 

 six inches in diameter, being ellip- 

 tical in transverse section. The 

 lid is nearly as large as the side 

 of the box, and close-fitting so 

 as to prevent escape of moisture, 

 thereby preserving specimens fresh for a long time. The 

 box is generally carried by a strap thrown across the 

 shoulder, and fastened to the ends of the box. For 

 making sections of stems and other parts, as buds, ovaries, 

 etc., for examination, a very sharp knife (or a razor) is 

 needed. A'pocket lens should be carried invariably; it is 

 almost indispensable in the examination of minute flowers. 



Fig. 352. The Vasculum. or Collecting-box. 



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