256 BOTANY. 



broad, transversely dilated scale; wings of seeds pale, very oblique, as long- 

 as wide; cotyledons 5-7, usually 6. 



Common on the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. Thence 

 extending through Southern Colorado and Utah and throughout the Cali- 

 fornia Sierras. A tree of beautiful foliage, highly prized in cultivation ; 

 furnishing better timber than the last, from which (besides the characters 

 already enumerated) it can always readily be distinguished by the two 

 resin-ducts of its leaves lying close to the epidermis of the under surface. 

 In Colorado as well as in California it has often been named A. grandis, a 

 species which properly belongs to the coast regions of Oregon, the Lower 

 Columbia River, Vancouver Island, etc. 



Picea* Engelmanni, Engelm. ; Abies Engelmanni, Parry ; Pinus com- 

 mutata, Parlat. — Large trees, 60-100° high, with thin, cinnamon-brown, 

 scaly bark; branchlets mostly pubescent; leaves 4-sided, slender and 

 acute or acuminate in younger, and shorter, stouter, short-pointed, and 

 curved in older trees (especially in higher altitudes), with stomata on 

 both sides ; cones oval or oblong, about 2" long, paler or purplish, fall- 

 ing off at maturity ; scales thin, erose-denticulate, broad, with a rounded 

 edge or usually somewhat prolonged upward and truncate ; seeds half as 

 long as the very oblique wing, usually with 6 cotyledons. 



San Francisco Mountains, Bischoff; Sierra Blanca, Gilbert; Mount 

 Graham, Rothrock (784). The most southern localities known of this 

 northern and sub-alphine species, which extends through the Rocky Mount- 

 ains to British Columbia and to Oregon, forming extensive forests. A 

 beautiful tree, often 2° and even 3° in diameter ; timber similar to that of P. 

 nigra of the Northeast and P. excelsa of Europe : above timber-line, it 

 dwarfs down to mere shrubs, often prostrate, but loaded with cones. 



* Pioea, Link, not Don ; Abies, Don ; Abies sect. (Spruces), Gray's Man. ; Pinus sect. Picea, 

 Endl., Parlat. — Coniferous trees with single evergreen, more or less 4-sided leaves, which at last sepa- 

 rate from a prominent, persistent, ligneous base ; flowering from the axils of the leaves of the previous 

 year ; staminate flowers as in Abies, but stamens tipped with a large, nearly orbicular, denticulate crest ; 

 cells opening longitudinally ; pollen as in Abies, 0.09-0. 13 mm in longer diameter ; cones pendulous from 

 the ends of short or elongated branchlets, maturing in one season ; scales and small enclosed membra- 

 naceous bracts persistent on the axis ; seeds without 1'alsam-vesicles, imbedded in the excavation of the 

 membranaceous base of the wing, which leaves tueir under side nearly free and permits them to drop 

 out. — Trees of slower growth than the firs, with white, soft, but tough, close, and highly esteemed timber. 



