268 OLDER MESOZOIC FLORAS OF UNITED STATES. 
appear to have been washed out of the so-called Permian and stranded 
on the surface. This silicified wood may be the same as that which had 
several times previously been’ referred to,’ but these previously men- 
tioned fragments occurred along the Neuse River, and the lignites 
described in the second paper mentioned agree quite well with those 
found in the Potomac formation of Virginia. The vegetable impres- 
sions occur chiefly in the deep coal shaft at Egypt, on Deep River; also 
at Evans Bridge, and on the Dan River at Madison, Stokes County. 
Among them he enumerates several fucoids, referred to Chondrites, 
besides vascular cryptogams, such as Equisetum, ferns, and some forms 
referred to the Lycopodiacee. The treatment of these plants occurs 
in Chapter XX XIX, pp. 283-293, pl. i-iil. 
A much larger number of plant forms are described by Dr. Emmons 
from the overlying Trias, which he identifies with the Keuper of 
Europe, and regards as equivalent to the coal shale of the Thitringer- 
wald. These also occur, for the most part, on Deep River, principally 
at Jones Falls, which is also called Lockville; also in the blue slate at 
Ellingtons, and in the soft reddish marls near Haywood. These 
plants include a number of ferns, Cycadacez, Lycopodiacez, Conifere, 
and Equisetacee. 
It is proper to remark that recent determinations of these various 
forms have changed the views expressed by Dr. Emmons in regard to 
their nature and systematic position, and also that Professor Fontaine 
does not see any reason for considering the so-called Permian forms 
as indicating a distinct age from those of the Trias. 
To these vegetable remains are devoted four double plates of very 
well-drawn and well-printed figures. 
A notice of Professor Emmons’s North Carolina Report, relating to 
the Trias, which appeared in the American Journal of Science for 
November, 1857,” signed by the initials C. D., which are understood 
to have been those of Professor C. Dewey, is chiefly important in con- 
taining what purports to be a translation of a letter from Prof. Oswald 
Heer, who had made a somewhat careful study of Dr. Emmons’s fig- 
ures, and, as it would seem, of specimens which had been shown him 
by Mr. Jules Marcou, and the latter gentleman states* that the letter 
itself was originally addressed to him and was subsequently submitted 
to Dr. Emmons, who placed it in the hands of Professor Dewey. It 
is the same letter to which reference has already been made, a transla- 
tion of which appeared in Mr. Marcou’s Geology of North America, 
at page 16; but the two translations differ in some rather important 
respects. 
In Part VI of his American Geology, Chapters VII and XV, Dr. 
Emmons has reproduced, almost without change, this discussion of 
1See mention by Olmsted in Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. V, 1822, p. 261, and Vol. XIV, 1828, p. 250. 
22d series, Vol. XXIV, pp. 427-429. 
2 Am, Geologist, Vol. V, March, 1890, p. 165. 
