BaBEE THE NORTH CAROLINA AREA. 269 
the fossil flora of the Carolina Trias, making, however, a few additions 
and corrections. The illustrations are somewhat superior to those of 
the former work, and a considerable number were added. This volume 
bears date 1857. 
Nothing further was done with this North Carolina flora until Pro- 
fessor Fontaine undertook, in his Older Mesozoic Flora, 1883, a careful 
revision of Dr. Emmons’s work as published in his American Geology. 
This forms Part III of that important monograph, and is, as may well 
be judged, a very welcome contribution to this general subject, bring- 
ing the determinations down carefully to date and eliminating the 
greater part of Dr. Emmons’s mistakes. It proved conclusively that 
the North Carolina basin is very closely related to that of Virginia, 
since of the 40 species enumerated in the North Carolina flora, 9 only 
are peculiar to that State, while 16 occur in Virginia. Six of his 
plates are devoted to reproductions of Dr. Emmons’s figures, without, 
it must be confessed, any artistic improvement in them; but this 
seemed necessary in order to place the discussion in a compact form’ 
and in a clear light. 
‘As indicative of the probable age of the coal plants, he says, at the 
- outset: 
Most of Emmons’s plants come from above the horizon of the Mesoaoic coal beds 
of North Carolina; hence, if this coal be on the same horizon as the Virginia Meso- 
soic coal, as it probably is, most of the North Carolina plants must come somewhat 
higher up in the series of older Mesozoic strata than those from Virginia. Nearly all 
of the latter come from the beds immediately associated with the Mesozoic coal of 
Virginia (p. 97). , 
Referring to the bituminous shale groups, which Dr. Emmons 
regarded as Permian, he says: 
This bituminous shale group comes some distance above the base of the North 
Carolina Mesozoic series of strata, and, as stated, most probably stands on the horizon 
of the strata yielding most of the Virginia plants (p. 98). 
On page 121 he further remarks: 
It is not necessary to dwell upon the character of the strata of the two North 
Carolina areas. It is evident that they havea close resemblance to each other and 
to the. Mesozoic beds of Virginia. The physical and stratigraphical resemblances 
are sufficient, without the evidence of the plants, to indicate that the North Carolina 
and the Virginia Mesozoic strata are of the same age, and that they were formed 
under similar conditions. 
On pages 122 and 123 he gives a table of distribution similar to that 
given for the Virginia flora. This table certainly shows a remarkable 
similarity between the two floras. For example, only 9 species of 
the North Carolina plants are peculiar to that State, while 15 oceur 
also in the Virginia flora, and one other, Lonchopteris oblonga, is 
closely allied to L. virginiensis. None of these forms oceur in the 
Trias of any other country, nor are any allied to any Triassic plants. 
“Two species occur in the Jurassic of other parts of the world, and 6 
