316 OLDER MESOZOIC FLORAS OF UNITED STATES. 
Mr. Jules Marcou in 1853! describes these beds as Lias or Jurassic, 
and says: 
According to the collection of fossil plants made by the officers of the United States 
Army, the beds of coal which are found at Raton Mountain, on the route from Mis- 
souri to Santa Fe, and at Muddy River, on the route to Oregon, have been recognized 
as also belonging to the Jurassic epoch (p. 43). 
On his map he colors a small area, on the one hundred and fourth 
meridian and on and below the thirty-eighth parallel of latitude, which 
falls chiefly in the State of Colorado, but probably extends into New 
Mexico. 
His extended paper in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of 
France’ is not a translation of the work already mentioned. It was 
communicated to the society on May 21, 1855, and contains the gen- 
eral results of three expeditions made by him to the West between the 
years 1848 and 1854. In treating of what he calls the ‘‘terrain du 
nouveau Grés Rouge,” he mentions the occurrence on one of the little 
affluents of the False Washita River, near Antelope Hills, of a silici- 
fied tree which had preserved the branches adhering to the trunk, and 
which, when polished, presents sections having the greatest resemblance 
to those of Pinites Fleurotit (p. 869). As near as can be judged from 
his description, this locality is in the western part of Indian Territory, 
or possibly in the Panhandle of Texas, and simply shows the extension 
of these deposits to the eastward. 
~ On page 871 of the same volume he says: 
One often meets in the sandstones of this stage abundant débris of silicified wood, 
frequently whole trees; thus on the western slope of the Sierra Madre, between Zufii 
and the Little Colorado River, I encountered a veritable silicified forest, with trees 30 
to 40 feet long, divided into sections 6 to 10 feet in length, and having a diameter of 
3 to 4 feet. The cellular tissue has almost entirely disappeared and the wood has 
been replaced by a very compact silex, extremely brilliant in color, presenting mag- 
nificent specimens for jewelry work. The Indians of this region make use of them 
for stone ornaments and also chip arrow heads from them. These trees, some of 
which are seen erect embedded in the sandstone, almost all belong to the family of 
conifers, some to that of ferns with arborescent trunks, and to Calamodendron. 
In his Geology of North America,’ published the same year, he 
speaks, on page 57, of finding at his camp No. 28, at Alamo, near the 
Rio Puerco, ‘‘numerous fragments of fossil silicified trees,” in a gray 
marl which he refers to the Upper Cretaceous, but says that the camp 
No. 28 ‘‘is again on the New Red Sandstone rocks.” 
Mollhausen, in his journal of a voyage‘ across the continent in 1853, 
1A Geological Map of the United States and the British Provinces of North America, with an 
Explanatory Text, etc., Boston, 1853, pp. 42-44, 
‘Résumé explicatif d’une carte géologique des Etats-Unis et des provinces anglaises de l’Amérique 
du Nord, avec un profil géologique allant de la vallée du Mississippi aux cétes du Pacifique et une 
planche de fossiles; par M. Jules Marcou: Bull. Soc. géol. de France, 2d series, Vol. XII, 1854-55, 
pp. 813-936. 
3Geology of North America, by Jules Marcou, Zurich, 1858. 
*Tagebuch einer Reise vom Mississippi nach den Kiisten der Stidsee, von Balduin Méllhausen, 
Leipzig, 1858, p. 300. 
