CONTENTS. 



Page. 



I. Introduction 9 



II. General external structure of insects 10 



III. The head of the bee and its appendages . 26 



1. The structure of the head 26 



2. The antennae and their sense organs 32 



3. The mandibles and their glands 39 



4. The proboscis 43 



5. The epipharynx 51 



IV. The thorax and its appendages 53 



1. The structure of the thorax 53 



2. The wings and their articulation j-. -. 59 



3. The l^s 66 



V. The abdomen, wax glands, and sting 69 



VI. The alimentary catial and its glands 84 



1. The general physiology of digestion, assimilation, and excretion. 84 



2. The salivary glands 87 



3. The alimentary canal 90 



VII. The circulatory system - - 107 



VIII. The respiratory system 112 



IX. The fat body and the cenocytes 119 



X. The nervous system and the eyes 122 



XI. The reproductive system. 130 



1. The male organs 132 



2. The female organs 134 



Explanation of the symbols and letters used on the illustrations 139 



Bibliography 148 



Index 151 



5 



