40 ZOOLOGV 



Types of the Butterflies. — The Swallow-tails (Papilio) 

 are our largest Ijutterflies. Here belong the yellow Tiger 

 Swallow-tail (turiius), wdth black stripes, which is found over 

 nearly the whole United States ; and the black Swallow-tail 

 (asterias), whose wings are crossed by rows of yellow spots, and 

 whose hind wing bears an orange, black-eyed spot. Its larvje 

 feed on wild or cultivated composite plants, especially parsnip 

 leaves. 



The cabbage-butterflies (Pieris) have white or yellowish 

 wings, tipped and spotted with black, or sometimes with 

 orange. They hover o'S'er damp sjiots in roads or fly through 

 garden patches. The lai'vte are very destructive and feed on 

 cal)ljage and related ]ilants. 



To the Nymphs Ijclong the Angle-wdngs, whose fore wings 

 are notched on tlieir outer edge. Here 1)elongs the butterfly 

 which we sometimes see on warm daj's in winter or earlj' spiing 

 — the Mourning-cloak. This has purplish brown wings with 

 a broad j-ellow liorder, and a row of pale lilue spots. The 

 Graptas belong here, too ; they may l^e told by the silver spot 

 on the hind wing.' In the Admirals the wings are less deeph' 

 notched. The red Admiral is purolisli black above, with an 

 orange l)and and white spots numing obliquely across the 

 upper side of the fore wing. It occurs in England as well as in 

 the United States, Here belongs also the Mceroy, which is not 

 closely related, but is ciuite similar to the Monarch because 

 the former mimics the latter. ^ They are both (_if a tawny 

 orange color, with a white-spotted black liorder on the outer 

 wing margin. The Monarch is the larger and, like the birds, 

 has the liabit of migrating southward in the fall and returning 

 in the spring. The Fritillaries - include some large butterflies, 



' Frontispiece. 2 Ibid. 



