■ioO ZOOLOGY 



are the lemurs, found chiefly in Madagascar. These have an 

 arboreal habit, and feed on fruits, leaves, and small l)irds and 

 insects. Next higher come the American marmosets, the 

 howling monkeys, and the flat-nosed, prehensile-tailed Amer- 

 ican apes ; still higher are the small-nosed, nonprehensile- 

 tailed apes, incluchng the baboons, mandrills, and macacjues. 

 Finally, come the tailless, manlike apes, found exclusively in 

 the Old World — the gibbons, orangs (Fig. 407), chimpanzee, 

 and the gorilla. The two latter are nearest to man, but one 

 cannot say which is the nearer. For, while the chimpanzee 

 approaches man more closely in facial appearance and in 

 intelligence, the gorilla is more manlike in the .size and com- 

 plexity of the brain and in its habit of walking on the ground. 

 There is no reason to doubt that man's species came off from 

 the anthropoid apes ; the discover}'' in Java of a fossil form 

 {Pithecanthropus erectus) intermediate between man and the 

 manlike apes is a strong additional piece of evidence. 

 This differentiation of man's species probal^lj- Ijegan in late 

 Tertiary times. 



