iCA 



ZOOLOGY 



upon the internal anatomy of the silk-moth, which afforded 

 not only an extended but also the first insight into insect 

 anatomy. The Dutchman Swammerdam (b. 1637, d. 1680) 

 made even wider studies in the same field. His observations 

 were pubhshed in a book entitled " Bible of Nature." 



The newly discovered and 

 gradually much improved com- 

 pound microscope lured many to 

 a studj' of the structure and be- 

 ha\'ior of microscojiic species 

 and permitted the beginning of 

 new sciences dealing with the 

 tissues of organs (histology) and 

 with the cell (cytology). The 

 first to employ the compound 

 microscope to serious work in 

 zoology were the Italian jNIal- 

 pighi and the Dutchman 

 Leeuwenhoek. The work of 

 Malpighi upon insects has al- 

 ready bieen referred to. Not less 

 important are his histological 

 He first saw and described the 

 circulation of the capillaries, ol:)serving it in the lung of the frog. 

 He first gave a detailed account of the series of stages in the 

 development of the chick, and was thus one of the founders of 

 embryology. He studied tlioroughly the structure of various 

 tissues of the higher animals, and may be said to be the founder 

 of histology. 



Unlike Maljiighi, who used the microscope as an incidental 

 aid to his researches, Leeuwenhoek used the microscope to study 



Fio. 417 o. — 8 w a ni ni e rrl a ra. 

 From hucy, " BuAn^^y and its 

 Makers," New York, Henry 

 Holt and Company. 



sturlics on higher animals. 



