INDEX 



499 



Eohinoids, 254. 



Echiurus, 177. 



Ecology, i)eetles, 60; birds, 41G 

 butterflies, 32 ; grasshopper, 13. 



Economics of, beetles, 61 ; birds, 416 

 earthworms, 171 ; fishes, 298 ; grass- 

 hopper, 13; Lepidoptera, 39; oysters 

 236; parasitic worms, 195; smelts 

 309; slugs, 211; spider webs, 112 



Ectoderm, 262. 



Ectoprocta, 179. 



Edentata, 441. 



Edible crab, 141. 



Eel, 320 ; lamprey, 322. 



Effect of heat and light on the d-^vel- 

 opment of the egg, 453. 



Egg, fertilization of, 247, 307, 335 

 437. 



Egrets, extermination of, 394. 



Elapidos, 366. 



Elateridffi, 70. 



Elephants, 445. 



Elytra, 60, 66. 



Embryology, definition of, 247 

 history of. 46S ; stud^' of, 246. 



Encyclopaedic zoology, 462. 



Endoproeta, 177. 



Enemies of the lobster, 136. 



English sparrow, 370 ; body covering 

 379; food of, 375; form of borly, 

 376 ; spread of, in Amerira, 374. 



Engraver beetle, 71. 



Ensis, 231. 



Entoderm, 262. 



Entomostraca, 134, 153, 281 ; bi- 

 valve, 157; distriVjution of, 155 

 volume of, 153. 



Eolis, 220. 



Ephemerida;, 24. 



Euglena, 286. 



Eupagurus, 139. 



Even-toed hoofed mammals, 444. 



Evolution, of domestic animals, 420 

 of species, 466 ; theory of, 469. 



Excretion {see Excretory organs). 



Excretory ducts, 2. 



Excretory organs, annelids, 166 

 birds, 387 ; cricket, 7 ; fisi), 307 

 frog, 334 ; lizards. 354 ; lobster, 

 125; mammals, 437. 



Exhalent opening, 291. 



Exotic species, increase of, 375. 



Extinct birds, 418. 



Eyespot, 295. 



Fairy shrimp. 156. 

 Falcon, 396. 



Fertilization, 9. 



Fenuir, 5. 



Fiddler-erabs, 143. 



Filaria, 86. 



Fireflies. 61, 70. 



Fish, 420 ; armored. 303 ; bony, 302 ; 

 cartilaginous, 302 ; classification 

 of, 302; culture of, 301; domes- 

 ticated, 425 ; general form of body, 

 303 ; musculature of, 308 ; ner- 

 vous system of, 308 ; organs of 

 circulation, 307; excretion. 307; 

 nutrition, 305 ; reproduction. 307 ; 

 respiration in. 307 ; study of the 

 food of. 153; sense-organs of, 308" 

 use of, by man. 30-). 



Fisheries, value (.>f, 299. 



Fissurella, 219 



Flagellata, 286. 



Flatfish. 316. 



Flatworm, 191. 



Flea. 88. 



Flesh-eaters, 446. 



Flight of birds, 414. 



r lower-flies, 82, 



Fly. 76 ; degenerate, S7 ; develop- 

 ment. 78 ; econoniie importance of, 

 88, 89; food, 78; mimicry in, 82; 

 parasitic, 87-89. 



Flycatchers, 402. 



Food-canal, 294. 



Food of beetles, 61 ; butterflies, 32 

 earthworm, 170 ; fishes, 153 ; flies. 

 78 ; fresh-water mussels, 228 

 hydra, 265; lobster, 122; nereis. 

 186; mire, 431; sparrow. 375 

 whale, 443. 



Food supply, a study of, 298. 



Forficulidie, 17. 



Form of body, frog, 329 ; mammalia, 

 432 ; turtle, 352. 



Formicida3, 52. 



Fossil brachiopods, IXO ; birds, 418; 

 cephalopods, 222; lizards, 361; 

 man, 450. 



Fowl, domestic, 425, 426. 



Fox, 446. 



Fox-sparrow, 407. 



Fresh-water hydroids, 265 ; mussels, 

 228 ; sponges, origin of, 225 ; 

 turtles. 363. 



FringiUidL^, 406. 



Fringing reefs, 277. 



Fritillaries, 40. 



Frog, 325, 347 ; general form of body, 

 329 ; muscular system of, 335 ; 

 nervous system of, 336 ; organs of 

 circulation, 333 ; excretion, 334 ; 



