92 The Fcmner's Veterinary Adviser. 



English stock, and later again by English and Dutch, Nor- 

 way in 1860 by infected Ayrshires, Oldenbuig in 1858, and 

 Schleswig in 1859, in each case by Ayrshires, the Cape of 

 Good Hope in 1854, Australia in 1858 by an English cow, 

 Brooklyn, L. I., in 1848 by a Dutch cow, and again in 1850 

 by an English one, New Jersey in 1847 by English stock, 

 and Boston, Mass., by Dutch cattle in 1859. In Sweden, 

 Norway, Denmark, Oldenburg, Schleswig, Massachusetts, 

 and New Jersey it was stamped out, in the last case by the 

 importer, Mr. Richardson, sacrificing his whole herd and 

 voluntarily assuming the loss, but in the other places named 

 it was left to itself and spread disastroiisly. 



Symjptoms. The period of latency of the poison in the 

 system is from four to six weeks, and in exceptional cases 

 perhaps three or four months, or as short as ten days. In- 

 creased temperature of the body usually appea'rs a week 

 or two before other symptoms. Then there is a slight 

 cough, erection of hair along the back, sometimes shivering 

 and always tenderness of the back to pinching, the animal 

 crouching and groaning. Soon breathing and pulse become 

 accelerated, bowels costive, xarine scanty and high-colored, 

 milk diminished, appetite impaired, rumination irregular, 

 nose alternately moist and dry, and legs and horns cold and 

 hot. If in the field, the sick leave the herd. The cough 

 increases in harshness, depth, and painfulness, and all the 

 symptoms are aggravated until the animal stands in one 

 posture, with head extended on the neck, mouth open, and 

 every breath accompanied by a loud moan. From the 

 earliest stages the ear applied to the sides of the chest de- 

 tects an absence of murmur over particxilar parts of the 

 lung, or lungs, with a line of crepitation (fine crackling) 

 around it, and occasionally rubbing, wheezing, and other 

 unnatural sounds. On percussion over the silent parts the 

 natural resonance is found to have given place to dullness, 

 and the animal winces and groans. Other peculiar sounds 



