specific Contagious Diseases. 115 



Siberia is not unknown in other lands. A slight shivering 

 and fever are followed by a swelling on the ndder, sheath, 

 breast, throat, or elsewhere, which rapidly increases, some- 

 times to the size of an infant's head. At first soft, it hard- 

 ens, assuming a yellow, bacon-like appearance, with red 

 streaks and spots. The animals die in twelve or twenty-four 

 hours, rarely surviving three days. The blood is in the 

 state so characteristic of anthrax, with bacteria, enlarged 

 spleen, and sanguineous effusions. In cattle similar tumors 

 appear, mainly on the throat, neck, or dewlap, in sheep and 

 goats on the bare surfaces and in pigs around the throat. In 

 all cases the disease, when conveyed to man, produces the 

 Uue-pox (malignant pustule). At the outset all cases prove 

 fatal ; later, recoveries occur under the local use of cold watei-, 

 or the hot iron or other caustics pushed to the depth of the 

 tumoi", and mineral acids internally. 



(2) Anthrax with Diffused Local Swellings ; Typhus. 

 Tills is usually confounded with Wxe purpura hcemorrhagica, 

 which occui-s in weak conditions of the body, as a sequel of 

 debilitating diseases (influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.). 

 Our limits forbid extended treatment, hence the general 

 symptoms will be named, and the observer left to distinguish 

 the two diseases according to their origin, communicability, 

 and prevalence. 



Symptoms. Shivering, lassitude, stupor, impaired appe- 

 tite, whitish discharge from the nose, accelerated pulse and 

 breathing, costiveness with slimy dung or scouring, high- 

 colored, odorous, or bloody urine, swellings the size of a 

 walnut or closed fist on different parts of the body, or a 

 continuous swelling beneath the chest and belly, or extreme 

 engorgement of the limbs or head. These are at first hot 

 and tender, and easily indented with the finger, but soon be- 

 come hard, the skin gets rigid and exudes drops of a yellow 

 serum or pure blood. They may render the patient unable 

 to walk, see, feed, drink, urinate, or breathe, according to 



