CHAPTER VI. 



DISEASES OF THE EESPIRATOEY OEGANS. 



General causes of diseases of the breathing organs. Physical examination 

 of these organs : — Auscultation, percussion. Bleeding from the nose. Nasal 

 Catarrh. Cold in the head. Collection of matter in the nasal sinuses. Ab- 

 scess of the false nostril. Abscess in the guttural pouches. Tumors in the 

 nose. Malignant catarrh of cattle. Sore-throat. Croup. Roup. Diphthe- 

 ria. Chronic roaring. Bronchitis. Chronic bronchiti.s. dander heaves. 

 Acute congestion of the lungs. Pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs. 

 Pleurisy. Inflammation of the membrane lining the chest. Pleuro-pneu- 

 monia. Broncho-pneumonia. Broncho-pleuro-pneumonia. Hydro-thorax. 

 Water in the chest. Pneumo-thorax. Air or gas in the chest. Abscess of 

 the intercostal spaces. Dropsy of the lung. Apoplexy of the lung. Pleu- 

 ro-dynia. Rheumatism of the walls of the chest. Asthma in dogs. Heaves. 

 Broken-wind. Bleeding from the lungs. Hsemoptysis. Parasites in the 

 upper air-passages. Grub in the head. Larva of CEstrus Ovis. Pentasto- 

 ma Tsenioides. Parasites in the lower air-passages. Lxmg-worms of sheep, 

 etc Lung-worms of horses and cattle. Gape-worm of fowls. Verminous 

 bronchitis in calves, sheep, swine and birds. 



DISEASES 05 THE EESPIRATOEY OEGANS. 



These are of tlie first importance in domestic animala 

 alike as regards their frequency and the mortality and 

 other serious consequences they entail In young horses 

 especially they are far more common and more destructive 

 than any other class of diseases. Among the general 

 causes of diseases of this class of organs the foUowiag may 

 be stated ia brief : 1. The great extent of the respiratory 

 surface in the lungs = 200 to 500 square feet. 2. The ex- 

 treme tenuity and delicacy of the membrane covering this 

 surface, protective cells (epithelium) being almost wanting 

 m the air cells, contrary to what exists on every other mu- 

 cous surface in the body. 3. The extraordinary work tc 



