Diseases of the Digestive Organs. 273 



and syrup. They may be repeated daily for a week and 

 followed by a smart purge. 



Bitters (quassia, cinchona, gentian, wormwood,) are 

 often beneficial though mainly acting as tonics. For 

 worms in the last gut a concentrated solution as an in- 

 jection acts well. 



Among the more direct Yermifuges are : Common salt 

 allowed to be licked at will (must not be mixed in large 

 amount in the food of swine or chickens) ; oil of turpen- 

 tine ; calomel ; tartar emetic with sulphate of iron, for six 

 mornings running, and followed by a purge ; empyreu- 

 matic oUs, and especially those coming off at a shghtly 

 lower temperature than creosote and carbohc acid ; azed- 

 arach ; SpigeHa marilandica (pinkroot) ; santonine ; sul- 

 phuric ether ; asafoetida ; tansy ; savin, etc. These are 

 general vermifuges and may be used especially for the 

 round worms. 



For tape-worms use areca nut ; kousso ; root of male 

 shield-fern ; pomegranate root bark ; kameela ; pumpkin 

 seeds; ailanthus glandulosa; or oil of turpentine. In 

 every case the agent should be given fasting, it may even 

 be repeated at the end of four hours and should be 

 followed by a smart purge. For weak animals areca nut 

 is especially suitable. 



A course of tonics (sulphate of iron, gentian, columba,) 

 should follow with sound nourishing diet and pure water. 



In the case of the Sclerostomum Equinum, it will usually 

 be needful to repeat the treatment at short intervals to 

 kill the young worms which have escaped because of theii 

 being buried in the mucous membrane. 



Prevention is to be sought by measures advised under 

 lung-worms, especial attention being given to sound 3ioiix° 

 ishing food and pure water. 

 18 



