Special Injuries of Bones, Joints and Muscles. 409 



INJUBIES B¥ BIT AND CURB. 



These often cause slight fractures or superficial necro- 

 sis on the upper or lower borders of the jaw. Extract 

 detached pieces or scrape off dead, and when the wound 

 has healed drive with a snaffle. 



FRACTUEE OF THE UPPEE JAW. 



This is much less serious. If at the anterior part fix 

 hj wiring the teeth together. If further back and associ- 

 ated with discharge from the nose, trephine the sinus (see 

 diseased teeth), remove detached pieces of bone and in- 

 ject with a weak astringent solution (diseased teeth). 



PRACTTJEE OP THE BONES OP THE NOSE. 



Here the depression of the space between the nostrils 

 and the difficulty of breathing are characteristic. Shave 

 the skin above and below the fracture ; make a smooth 

 cone of wood, rounded at the apex and just large enough 

 to fit the nasal passage ; with this inside the nose raise 

 the bone to its proper position and strap it there by strong 

 adhesive plaster passing over the interval of the fracture. 

 In obstinate cases we can resort to plugging of one nos- 

 tril with tow, or of both nostrils if tracheotomy has been 

 first performed. 



PEACTUEE OP THE PEONTAL BONES. 



If beneath the level of the eye the danger is slight and 

 after removal of detached pieces of bone it may be treated 

 like an ordinary wound. If above, the depressed bone 

 must be raised with a lever to avoid compression of the 

 brain when exudation takes place. Fracture of the process 

 which forms the upper boundary of the eye-socket may 

 be raised in the same manner to avoid subsequent blemish, 



FRACTURE OP THE CREST OP THE POIi (OCCIPn'AL). 

 If split straight down and without opening the cranium 

 and exposing the brain, the animal should be tied so that 



