444 The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser. 



FRACTURE OF THE SHAFT OF THE THIGH-BONE. 



Tliis is marked by inability to use the limb, museulai: 

 trembling, swelling on the inner side of the thigh, and 

 grating, felt or heard, when the limb is moved in varicua 

 directions. In the larger quadrupeds nothing can be done 

 beyond shnging and quiet, which may prove successful in 

 exceptional cases, but in small animals, dogs and cats 

 especially, a well applied starch bandage wiU usually be a 

 success. 



FRACTUEES OP THE LOWER ENDS OF THE THIGH-BONE. 



These are recognized by great pain and swelling in the 

 stifle, with grating when the joint is seized between the 

 hands and the limb moved. It may be considered ir- 

 remediable in the large animals, and recoveries are imper- 

 fect in the small. 



FRACTURE OF THE KNEE-CAP. 



The small bone ia front of the stifle is sometimes fract- 

 ured either across or vertically, causing local swelling and 

 tenderness with inability to use the Hmb, which is drawn 

 backward and outward. It is irremediable. 



DISLOCATION OF THE KNEE-CAP. 



Not uncommon in certain breeds of horses, this usually 

 occurs when standing at rest in the stable or rather after 

 rising. The limb is drawn forcibly outward and backwai d, 

 the foot resting on the toe, and the animal is helpless to 

 move it. The bone may be felt displaced at the outer side, 

 <it what should be the most prominent anterior point ol 

 the stifle. In young horses it may be attended with ulcer- 

 ation of the pulley over which it plays, but, in the adult, 

 this is very exceptional. 



Beduction may sometimes be effected by starting the 

 animal with a whip, the limb being brought forward under 

 the violent effort and the bone meanwhile slipping into 

 place. More commonly it is requisite to draw the foot 



