5! 



THE PRINCIPLES Ol" HANUI.INC WOODLANDS 



Diameters are best jneasured at breast-height, because 

 the diameter limit is based on breast-high diameter 

 classes. A diameter limit based on the stump measure- 

 ments has no value, on account of the varying height of 

 stumps. 



The trees are marked with a special axe. A conspic- 

 uous blaze IS made on the tree for 

 the convenience of the sawyers, and a 

 check-blaze and mark made ar the 

 butt, below where the stump-cut wiU 

 be made. In making the check-blaze a 

 chip of hark is removed and the blaze 

 stamped with the "die" on the head 

 of the marking axe. Means are thus 

 afforded to determine whether any 

 unmarked trees have been cut. 



There are mnneroLis t\pes of mark- 

 ing axes. One t\-pe used In' the U. S. 

 Forest Service is shown in Tig. 14. 

 The mark consists of the raised letters 

 U. S. When a special axe is not a\'ail- 

 able a substitute ma\- he made froir. a 

 shingle hatchet b\' cutting a letter or 

 other mark on the ham-iier. 

 In marking tmiber one works over a given stand in 

 progressive strips. The blazes are made on the side of 

 the trees facing the outside edge of the strip. Thus, if 

 the strips run north and south and progress east, the 

 blazes are on the east side of the trees. This enables the 



Fin. 14.— Mark- 

 ing Axe. 



