94 IHi; PRINCIPLES OF HAKULIXG WOODLANDS 



tional Forests, the planting will be confined largely to 

 waste areas. Cuttings will, however, be made in the 

 mature portions of the forest, and in some instances 

 a clear-cutting will be necessary or desirable. Suppose, 

 for example, that there is a stand of 25 acres of ma- 

 ture pine of even age. This may be located so that a 

 s\stem of thinning and gradual removal of the trees can 

 be used. It mav happen, however, that much better 

 results \\'ould be obtained b\' cutting the stand clear, and 

 restocking the area bv planting. Under the present 

 conditions of the market such a svstem might be finan- 

 cially the best plan. Again, the timber might be so lo- 

 cated that an\' system of thinnmg would be followed bv 

 windfall. In such a case it would be necessarv to make 

 the clear-cutting and restock the area either b\' a natural 

 reproduction from seed-trees on the edge of the clearing 

 or by planting. 



It frequentl)- happens that the areas acquired h\ the 

 State have been badlv damaged through imintelligent and 

 reckless limibering in the past, and are covered with 

 undesirable species or an open stand. Under such con- 

 ditions natural reproduction might result in a stand of a 

 species which never would have much value. Thus, for 

 example, the State forester might be operating on land 

 suitable for white pine, and vet be unable to secure 

 through natural reproduction anxthing but undesirable 

 hardwoods. Kxactly this condition was met in the Adi- 

 rondacks on certain portions of the tract operated bv C\)r- 

 nell Universitv from 1S94 to 1902. The tract had been 



