106 THE PRINCIPI.F.S OF HANDMXC; WOODLANDS 



possible. Usually the\- are located on ridges or upon 

 slopes. 



3. Thev are sufficienth' close together to insure a 

 distribution of seed between them. The intervals vary 

 from 200 to 500 feet. 



4. The voungest timber is selected which will an- 

 swer the purpose from the standpoint of reproduction. 

 The younger the trees the greater the proportion of 

 living trees at the next cuttmg in the area. 



5. One selects trees having as small a value as pos- 

 sible, but which will meet the needs of reproduction. 

 The purpose is to reduce the mvestment to a mmimum. 



An li.LLSiRAiioN FROM loAHo. — All iUustHition may 

 be taken from the forests of northern Idaho. Here the 

 forest is composed of white pme, larch, hemlock, Douglas 

 fir, cedar, and white fir. An area of mature forest is to 

 be cut, on which iiearK all the trees are old and man\' 

 are deteriorating. The stand is past maturit\'; there is 

 loss of growth, and the timber should be utilized at an 

 early date. It is believed that the pine, larch, and 

 Douglas fir will reproduce themseh'es readilv on the clear- 

 ings, and that the cedar, hemlock, and white iir will come 

 up underneath them. A clear-cutting is made, with 

 carefully located blocks left untouched, where they will 

 accomplish the most good. The arrangement of the 

 clearings and the blocks is shown in Kig. 22. The 

 blocks of timber are left chiefl\- t)n the upper slopes and 

 ridges. Care is taken to select such areas as will be safe 

 from windfall, and will distribute seed. There is also 



