144 THE PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING WOODLANDS 



The First or Seed-Cutting. — In makinp; the first cut- 

 ting, the forester has in mind present utilization, a 

 profitable logging operation, the securing of a maximum 

 growth between cuts, a profitable second cut, and 

 reproduction before the time of the second cut. The 

 special points considered in selecting the trees for re- 

 moval are as follows: 



1. Cut all deteriorating trees, such as those infected 

 with red rot and those with burned butts, cat-face, or 

 similar defects likely to affect their value before the 

 next cut. 



2. Cut mature trees which have reached their hmit of 

 effective growth, except where absoluteh' needed for seed. 



3. Cut trees with suppressed and broken crowns. 



4. Cut all trees liable to be blown over before the 

 second cut, such as certain leaning trees, tall, slim trees 

 with small crowns, and those weakened bv boxing. 



5. The trees left standing must be: 



a. Windfirm. 



b. Sound. 



c. With well-developed and thriftx' crowns. 



d. Capable not only of living till the second cut, 



but of adding substantial growth. 



6. Provision is made for the distribution of seed- 

 bearing trees, so that seed will be scattered in abundance 

 over the entire area. 



7. If the trees \\hich should be left for growth 

 are not sufficient in quantit\-, or not properly located, 

 special seed-trees from the mature class are left standing. 



