THE COI'PICF S\'STEMS 183 



be cut, and in rem(;\inti; the trees, the groups should he 

 carefully protected. 



7. If for any reason the cutting takes healths , domi- 

 nant trees which are likeK to sprt)Lit, the development of 

 the sprouts is guaranteed h\' making an adequate opening 

 in the canopv — cuttmg the neighbormg trees if neces- 

 sar}'. 



As scion as there is a sufficient amount of seedling 

 reproduction fulh' to supplement the sprout reprodtic- 

 tion, the remainder of the stand is cut clear. 



In man\' hardwocxl forests of the Northeast, there is 

 a mixture oi chestnut which sprouts vigoroLish' even 

 when the trees are bU or NO \ ears (jld. Chestnut grows 

 very rapidK', and ustialh' has the largest \'ield i^f ties, 

 poles, and lumber. The l)est results are obtained, in 

 applying the pole-wood s\stem, when the seed-cutting 

 is confined chiefl\ to species which are less likely to 

 sprout, like oak and hickcjrx'. It often happens that the 

 chestnut occurs more (jr less in groups of from 5 to ](J 

 clumps together, though individual clumps and trees 

 occur scattered amoncr the other species. The chestnut 

 shouici be cut as little as possible at the seed-cutting, 

 on the same principle that in an oak stand the individuals 

 most likeh'to sprout well are left Lintil the final cutting. 



It may happen that an owner ma\' wish to cut the 

 chestnut, or a part of it, at the first cuttmg. In that 

 event, whole clumps should be CLit and not individuals 

 from a clump, and in all cases openings should be made 

 large enough for good sprout development. ' ■. ^.. 



